Labour laws are those that mediate the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government. Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee, employer, and union. Individual labour law concerns employees' rights at work also through the contract for work

As per the Indian Constitution, the Central as well as State Governments are empowered to enact suitable legislations to regulate and protect the interests of employees, as well to create and increase employment opportunities.

The Indian Constitution prohibits discrimination of citizens on certain grounds such as religion and sex. In furtherance of these objectives, several legislations prohibit discrimination against protected classes of persons, such as persons with disabilities, or a person who is transgender or is HIV positive, in matters of employment.
Similarly, special laws have been framed to promote employment of specific classes of persons. For example, the provision of paid maternity leave and other benefits under the Maternity Benefit Act 1961 (Maternity Benefit Act) seek to create a conducive working environment for female employees.